PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.